The Yi people have used a unique syllabic script for writing their language for at least five hundred years, but the use of this script was restricted to a small minority of the population, and it never achieved widespread usage amongst ordinary people. Moreover, the script varied greatly from place to place, and thus could not be used for communication beyonds the confines of individual Yi communities.
In order to promote universal literacy, in 1956 the Chinese government promulgated a scheme for representing the Liangshan Yi dialect phonetically using the Latin alphabet. This phonetic alphabet was originally intended to replace the traditional Yi script, but in 1975 a standardised version of the traditional syllabic script was developed for use by the speakers of the Liangshan dialect, and this new Yi script is now used for writing Yi in books and newspapers. Nevertheless, the Yi Phonetic Alphabet is still used as a pedagogical aid and to represent the pronunciation of the Yi script in dictionaries.
Yi Phonetic Alphabet | IPA Equivalent | Notes |
---|---|---|
b | p | |
p | ph | |
bb | b | |
nb | mb | |
hm | m̥ | |
m | m | |
f | f | |
v | v | |
d | t | |
t | th | |
dd | d | |
nd | nd | |
hn | n̥ | |
n | n | |
hl | ɬ | |
l | l | |
g | k | |
k | kh | |
gg | g | |
mg | ŋg | |
hx | h | |
ng | ŋ | |
h | x | |
w | ɣ | |
z | ts | |
c | tsh | |
zz | dz | |
nz | ndz | |
s | s | |
ss | z | |
zh | tʂ | |
ch | tʂh | |
rr | dʐ | |
nr | ndʐ | |
sh | ʂ | |
r | ʐ | |
j | tɕ | |
q | tɕh | |
jj | dʑ | |
nj | ndʑ | |
ny | ȵ | "n with curl" (most fonts will not display this character as it was only introduced in Unicode 4.0) |
x | ɕ | |
y | ʑ |
These forty-three consonants are ordered phonetically in six parallel phonetic series, as indicated in the following table :
Plosives & Affricates | Nasals | Fricatives & Laterals | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
voiceless | voiceless aspirated |
voiced | nasal voiced |
voiceless | voiced | voiceless | voiced | |
I. Labial Series | b [p] | p [ph] | bb [b] | nb [mb] | hm [m̥] | m [m] | f [f] | v [v] |
II. Dental Series | d [t] | t [th] | dd [d] | nd [nd] | hn [n̥] | n [n] | hl [ɬ] | l [l] |
III. Velar Series | g [k] | k [kh] | gg [g] | mg [ŋg] | hx [h] | ng [ŋ] | h [x] | w [ɣ] |
IV. Dental Series | z [ts] | c [tsh] | zz [dz] | nz [ndz] | s [s] | ss [z] | ||
V. Retroflex Series | zh [tʂ] | ch [tʂh] | rr [dʐ] | nr [ndʐ] | sh [ʂ] | zh [ʐ] | ||
VI. Palatal Series | j [tɕ] | q [tɕh] | jj [dʑ] | nj [ndʑ] | ny [ȵ] | x [ɕ] | y [ʑ] |
Yi Phonetic Alphabet | IPA Equivalent | Notes |
---|---|---|
i | i | |
ie | ɛ | This vowel is sometimes represented as [e], and sounds close to [ǐɛ]. |
a | a | |
uo | ɔ | |
o | o | |
e | ɯ | Unrounded equivalent of [u]. |
u | u | |
ur | u̠ | Retracted equivalent of [u]. |
y | ɿ | |
yr | ɿ̠ | Retracted equivalent of [ɿ]. |
Yi Phonetic Alphabet | Description | Value | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
t | High Level Tone | 55 | |
x | Secondary High Tone | 34 | The value of this tone is given as "44" by some authorities. |
Mid Level Tone | 33 | This tone is implicit in syllables that do not end in t, x or p. Cf. The Principles of the International Phonetic Association (London, 1949) §34 : "Mid level tones can generally be left unmarked." | |
p | Low Falling Tone | 21 |
w is used to represent the Syllable Iteration Symbol (ꀕ) , and indicates a repitition of the preceding syllable (sometimes with tone mutation).
w – vatw ꃪꀕ "OK ?" [where vatw ꃪꀕ stands for vatvat ꃪꃪ]
- | b | p | bb | nb | hm | m | f | v | d | t | dd | nd | hn | n | hl | l | g | k | gg | mg | hx | ng | h | w | z | c | zz | nz | s | ss | zh | ch | rr | nr | sh | r | j | q | jj | nj | ny | x | y | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
it | it | bit | pit | bbit | nbit | hmit | mit | fit | vit | dit | tit | ddit | ndit | hnit | nit | hlit | lit | git | kit | ggit | hxit | hit | zit | cit | zzit | nzit | sit | ssit | jit | qit | jjit | njit | nyit | xit | yit | |||||||||
ix | ix | bix | pix | bbix | nbix | hmix | mix | fix | vix | dix | tix | ddix | ndix | hnix | nix | hlix | lix | gix | kix | ggix | hxix | zix | cix | zzix | nzix | six | ssix | jix | qix | jjix | njix | nyix | xix | yix | ||||||||||
i | i | bi | pi | bbi | nbi | hmi | mi | fi | vi | di | ti | ddi | ndi | hni | ni | hli | li | gi | ki | ggi | hxi | zi | ci | zzi | nzi | si | ssi | ji | qi | jji | nji | nyi | xi | yi | ||||||||||
ip | ip | bip | pip | bbip | nbip | hmip | mip | fip | vip | dip | tip | ddip | ndip | hnip | nip | hlip | lip | gip | kip | hxip | zip | cip | zzip | nzip | sip | ssip | jip | qip | jjip | njip | nyip | xip | yip | |||||||||||
iet | iet | biet | bbiet | viet | hniet | liet | giet | hxiet | ciet | zziet | jiet | qiet | jjiet | njiet | nyiet | xiet | yiet | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
iex | iex | biex | piex | bbiex | nbiex | hmiex | miex | viex | diex | tiex | ddiex | ndiex | hniex | niex | hliex | liex | giex | kiex | ggiex | mgiex | hxiex | ngiex | hiex | ziex | ciex | zziex | nziex | siex | ssiex | jiex | qiex | jjiex | njiex | nyiex | xiex | yiex | ||||||||
ie | ie | bie | pie | bbie | nbie | hmie | mie | vie | die | tie | ddie | ndie | hnie | nie | hlie | lie | gie | kie | ggie | mgie | hxie | ngie | hie | zie | cie | zzie | nzie | sie | ssie | jie | qie | jjie | njie | nyie | xie | yie | ||||||||
iep | iep | biep | piep | bbiep | nbiep | hmiep | miep | viep | diep | tiep | ddiep | hniep | niep | hliep | liep | giep | kiep | ggiep | hxiep | ngiep | ziep | ciep | zziep | nziep | siep | ssiep | jiep | qiep | jjiep | njiep | nyiep | xiep | yiep | |||||||||||
at | at | bat | pat | bbat | nbat | hmat | mat | fat | vat | dat | tat | ddat | ndat | hnat | hlat | lat | gat | kat | ggat | mgat | hxat | ngat | hat | wat | zat | cat | zzat | nzat | sat | ssat | zhap | chap | nrap | shap | rap | |||||||||
ax | ax | bax | pax | bbax | nbax | hmax | max | fax | vax | dax | tax | ddax | ndax | hnax | nax | hlax | lax | gax | kax | ggax | mgax | hxax | ngax | hax | wax | zax | cax | zzax | nzax | sax | ssax | zhax | chax | rrax | nrax | shax | rax | |||||||
a | a | ba | pa | bba | nba | hma | ma | fa | va | da | ta | dda | nda | hna | na | hla | la | ga | ka | gga | mga | hxa | nga | ha | wa | za | ca | zza | nza | sa | ssa | zha | cha | rra | nra | sha | ra | |||||||
ap | ap | bap | pap | bbap | nbap | hmap | map | fap | vap | dap | tap | ddap | ndap | hnap | nap | hlap | lap | gap | kap | ggap | mgap | hxap | ngap | hap | wap | zap | cap | zzap | nzap | sap | ssap | zhap | chap | nrap | shap | rap | ||||||||
uot | muot | tuot | luot | guot | gguot | hxuot | nguot | huot | chuop | juot | quot | yuot | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
uox | uox | buox | puox | bbuox | hmuox | muox | duox | tuox | dduox | hnuox | nuox | hluox | luox | guox | kuox | gguox | mguox | hxuox | nguox | huox | wuox | zuox | cuox | nzuox | suox | zhuox | chuox | rruox | shuox | ruox | juox | quox | jjuox | njuox | nyuox | xuox | yuox | |||||||
uo | uo | buo | puo | bbuo | hmuo | muo | duo | tuo | dduo | hnuo | nuo | hluo | luo | guo | kuo | gguo | mguo | hxuo | nguo | huo | wuo | zuo | cuo | nzuo | suo | zhuo | chuo | rruo | shuo | ruo | juo | quo | jjuo | njuo | nyuo | xuo | yuo | |||||||
uop | uop | buop | puop | bbuop | hmuop | muop | tuop | dduop | nuop | hluop | luop | guop | kuop | gguop | mguop | hxuop | huop | wuop | zuop | cuop | suop | zhuop | chuop | shuop | ruop | juop | quop | jjuop | nyuop | yuop | ||||||||||||||
ot | ot | bot | pot | bbot | nbot | hmot | mot | vot | dot | tot | ddot | ndot | hnot | not | lot | got | kot | ggot | mgot | hxot | ngot | hot | zot | cot | sot | ssot | zhop | chop | rrop | shop | rop | jot | qot | jjot | njot | nyot | xot | yot | ||||||
ox | ox | box | pox | bbox | nbox | hmox | mox | fox | vox | dox | tox | ddox | ndox | hnox | nox | hlox | lox | gox | kox | ggox | mgox | hxox | ngox | hox | wox | zox | cox | zzox | nzox | sox | ssox | zhox | chox | rrox | nrox | shox | rox | jox | qox | jjox | njox | nyox | xox | yox |
o | o | bo | po | bbo | nbo | hmo | mo | fo | vo | do | to | ddo | ndo | no | hlo | lo | go | ko | ggo | mgo | hxo | ngo | ho | wo | zo | co | zzo | so | sso | zho | cho | rro | nro | sho | ro | jo | qo | jjo | njo | nyo | xo | yo | ||
op | op | bop | pop | bbop | nbop | hmop | mop | fop | vop | dop | top | ddop | ndop | hnop | nop | hlop | lop | gop | kop | ggop | mgop | hxop | ngop | hop | wop | zop | cop | zzop | nzop | sop | ssop | zhop | chop | rrop | nrop | shop | rop | jop | qop | jjop | njop | nyop | xop | yop |
et | get | ket | gget | zhep | chep | rrep | nrep | shep | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ex | ex | bex | bbex | mex | vex | dex | tex | ddex | ndex | hnex | nex | hlex | lex | gex | kex | ggex | mgex | hxex | ngex | hex | wex | zex | cex | zzex | nzex | sex | ssex | zhex | chex | rrex | nrex | shex | rex | |||||||||||
e | e | be | bbe | me | de | te | dde | nde | hne | ne | hle | le | ge | ke | gge | mge | hxe | nge | he | we | ze | ce | zze | nze | se | sse | zhe | che | rre | nre | she | re | ||||||||||||
ep | bep | bbep | vep | dep | tep | ddep | ndep | hnep | nep | hlep | lep | gep | kep | ggep | mgep | hxep | ngep | hep | wep | zep | cep | zzep | sep | ssep | zhep | chep | rrep | nrep | shep | rep | ||||||||||||||
ut | but | put | bbut | nbut | hmut | mut | fut | vut | dut | tut | ddut | ndut | hnut | nut | hlut | lut | gut | kut | ggut | mgut | zut | cut | sut | ssut | zhup | rrup | nrup | shup | rup | jut | qut | jjut | nyut | yut | ||||||||||
ux | bux | pux | bbux | nbux | hmux | mux | fux | vux | dux | tux | ddux | ndux | nux | hlux | lux | gux | kux | ggux | mgux | zux | cux | zzux | nzux | sux | ssux | zhux | chux | rrux | nrux | shux | rux | jux | qux | jjux | njux | nyux | yux | |||||||
u | bu | pu | bbu | nbu | hmu | mu | fu | vu | du | tu | ddu | ndu | nu | hlu | lu | gu | ku | ggu | mgu | zu | cu | zzu | nzu | su | ssu | zhu | chu | rru | nru | shu | ru | ju | qu | jju | nju | nyu | yu | |||||||
up | bup | pup | bbup | nbup | hmup | mup | fup | vup | dup | tup | ddup | ndup | nup | hlup | lup | gup | kup | ggup | mgup | zup | cup | zzup | nzup | sup | ssup | zhup | chup | rrup | nrup | shup | rup | jup | qup | jjup | njup | nyup | yup | |||||||
urx | burx | purx | bburx | nburx | hmurx | murx | furx | vurx | durx | turx | ddurx | ndurx | nurx | hlurx | lurx | gurx | kurx | ggurx | mgurx | zurx | curx | zzurx | nzurx | surx | zhurx | churx | rrurx | nrurx | shurx | rurx | jurx | qurx | jjurx | njurx | yurx | |||||||||
ur | bur | pur | bbur | nbur | hmur | mur | fur | vur | dur | tur | ddur | ndur | nur | hlur | lur | gur | kur | ggur | mgur | zur | cur | zzur | nzur | sur | zhur | chur | rrur | nrur | shur | rur | jur | qur | jjur | njur | yur | |||||||||
yt | byt | pyt | bbyt | nbyt | myt | fyt | vyt | hlyt | lyt | zyt | cyt | zzyt | nzyt | syt | ssyt | zhyp | chyp | rryp | nryp | shyp | ryp | jyt | qyt | jjyt | njyt | xyt | yyt | |||||||||||||||||
yx | byx | pyx | bbyx | nbyx | hmyx | myx | fyx | vyx | hlyx | lyx | zyx | cyx | zzyx | nzyx | syx | ssyx | zhyx | chyx | rryx | nryx | shyx | ryx | jyx | qyx | jjyx | njyx | xyx | yyx | ||||||||||||||||
y | by | py | bby | nby | hmy | my | fy | vy | hly | ly | zy | cy | zzy | nzy | sy | ssy | zhy | chy | rry | nry | shy | ry | jy | qy | jjy | njy | xy | yy | ||||||||||||||||
yp | byp | pyp | bbyp | nbyp | hmyp | myp | fyp | vyp | hlyp | lyp | zyp | cyp | zzyp | nzyp | syp | ssyp | zhyp | chyp | rryp | nryp | shyp | ryp | jyp | qyp | jjyp | njyp | xyp | yyp | ||||||||||||||||
yrx | byrx | pyrx | nbyrx | hmyrx | vyrx | hlyrx | lyrx | zyrx | cyrx | zzyrx | nzyrx | syrx | ssyrx | zhyrx | chyrx | rryrx | nryrx | shyrx | ryrx | jyrx | qyrx | njyrx | xyrx | yyrx | ||||||||||||||||||||
yr | byr | pyr | nbyr | hmyr | vyr | hlyr | lyr | zyr | cyr | zzyr | nzyr | syr | ssyr | zhyr | chyr | rryr | nryr | shyr | ryr | jyr | qyr | njyr | xyr | yyr |
- | b | p | bb | nb | hm | m | f | v | d | t | dd | nd | hn | n | hl | l | g | k | gg | mg | hx | ng | h | w | z | c | zz | nz | s | ss | zh | ch | rr | nr | sh | r | j | q | jj | nj | ny | x | y | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
it | ꀀ | ꀖ | ꀸ | ꁖ | ꁶ | ꂑ | ꂮ | ꃍ | ꃢ | ꄀ | ꄚ | ꄶ | ꅑ | ꅨ | ꅽ | ꆗ | ꆷ | ꇚ | ꇸ | ꈔ | ꉆ | ꉮ | ꊍ | ꊮ | ꋐ | ꋭ | ꌉ | ꌪ | ꏠ | ꏼ | ꐘ | ꐱ | ꑊ | ꑝ | ꑱ | |||||||||
ix | ꀁ | ꀗ | ꀹ | ꁗ | ꁷ | ꂒ | ꂯ | ꃎ | ꃣ | ꄁ | ꄛ | ꄷ | ꅒ | ꅩ | ꅾ | ꆘ | ꆸ | ꇛ | ꇹ | ꈕ | ꉇ | ꊎ | ꊯ | ꋑ | ꋮ | ꌊ | ꌫ | ꏡ | ꏽ | ꐙ | ꐲ | ꑋ | ꑞ | ꑲ | ||||||||||
i | ꀂ | ꀘ | ꀺ | ꁘ | ꁸ | ꂓ | ꂰ | ꃏ | ꃤ | ꄂ | ꄜ | ꄸ | ꅓ | ꅪ | ꅿ | ꆙ | ꆹ | ꇜ | ꇺ | ꈖ | ꉈ | ꊏ | ꊰ | ꋒ | ꋯ | ꌋ | ꌬ | ꏢ | ꏾ | ꐚ | ꐳ | ꑌ | ꑟ | ꑳ | ||||||||||
ip | ꀃ | ꀙ | ꀻ | ꁙ | ꁹ | ꂔ | ꂱ | ꃐ | ꃥ | ꄃ | ꄝ | ꄹ | ꅔ | ꅫ | ꆀ | ꆚ | ꆺ | ꇝ | ꇻ | ꉉ | ꊐ | ꊱ | ꋓ | ꋰ | ꌌ | ꌭ | ꏣ | ꏿ | ꐛ | ꐴ | ꑍ | ꑠ | ꑴ | |||||||||||
iet | ꀄ | ꀚ | ꁚ | ꃦ | ꅬ | ꆻ | ꇞ | ꉊ | ꊲ | ꋔ | ꏤ | ꐀ | ꐜ | ꐵ | ꑎ | ꑡ | ꑵ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
iex | ꀅ | ꀛ | ꀼ | ꁛ | ꁺ | ꂕ | ꂲ | ꃧ | ꄄ | ꄞ | ꄺ | ꅕ | ꅭ | ꆁ | ꆛ | ꆼ | ꇟ | ꇼ | ꈗ | ꈰ | ꉋ | ꉝ | ꉯ | ꊑ | ꊳ | ꋕ | ꋱ | ꌍ | ꌮ | ꏥ | ꐁ | ꐝ | ꐶ | ꑏ | ꑢ | ꑶ | ||||||||
ie | ꀆ | ꀜ | ꀽ | ꁜ | ꁻ | ꂖ | ꂳ | ꃨ | ꄅ | ꄟ | ꄻ | ꅖ | ꅮ | ꆂ | ꆜ | ꆽ | ꇠ | ꇽ | ꈘ | ꈱ | ꉌ | ꉞ | ꉰ | ꊒ | ꊴ | ꋖ | ꋲ | ꌎ | ꌯ | ꏦ | ꐂ | ꐞ | ꐷ | ꑐ | ꑣ | ꑷ | ||||||||
iep | ꀇ | ꀝ | ꀾ | ꁝ | ꁼ | ꂗ | ꂴ | ꃩ | ꄆ | ꄠ | ꄼ | ꅯ | ꆃ | ꆝ | ꆾ | ꇡ | ꇾ | ꈙ | ꉍ | ꉟ | ꊓ | ꊵ | ꋗ | ꋳ | ꌏ | ꌰ | ꏧ | ꐃ | ꐟ | ꐸ | ꑑ | ꑤ | ꑸ | |||||||||||
at | ꀈ | ꀞ | ꀿ | ꁞ | ꁽ | ꂘ | ꂵ | ꃑ | ꃪ | ꄇ | ꄡ | ꄽ | ꅗ | ꅰ | ꆞ | ꆿ | ꇢ | ꇿ | ꈚ | ꈲ | ꉎ | ꉠ | ꉱ | ꊀ | ꊔ | ꊶ | ꋘ | ꋴ | ꌐ | ꌱ | ꍉ | ꍤ | ꎗ | ꎮ | ꏉ | |||||||||
ax | ꀉ | ꀟ | ꁀ | ꁟ | ꁾ | ꂙ | ꂶ | ꃒ | ꃫ | ꄈ | ꄢ | ꄾ | ꅘ | ꅱ | ꆄ | ꆟ | ꇀ | ꇣ | ꈀ | ꈛ | ꈳ | ꉏ | ꉡ | ꉲ | ꊁ | ꊕ | ꊷ | ꋙ | ꋵ | ꌑ | ꌲ | ꍇ | ꍢ | ꍼ | ꎕ | ꎬ | ꏇ | |||||||
a | ꀊ | ꀠ | ꁁ | ꁠ | ꁿ | ꂚ | ꂷ | ꃓ | ꃬ | ꄉ | ꄣ | ꄿ | ꅙ | ꅲ | ꆅ | ꆠ | ꇁ | ꇤ | ꈁ | ꈜ | ꈴ | ꉐ | ꉢ | ꉳ | ꊂ | ꊖ | ꊸ | ꋚ | ꋶ | ꌒ | ꌳ | ꍈ | ꍣ | ꍽ | ꎖ | ꎭ | ꏈ | |||||||
ap | ꀋ | ꀡ | ꁂ | ꁡ | ꂀ | ꂛ | ꂸ | ꃔ | ꃭ | ꄊ | ꄤ | ꅀ | ꅚ | ꅳ | ꆆ | ꆡ | ꇂ | ꇥ | ꈂ | ꈝ | ꈵ | ꉑ | ꉣ | ꉴ | ꊃ | ꊗ | ꊹ | ꋛ | ꋷ | ꌓ | ꌴ | ꍉ | ꍤ | ꎗ | ꎮ | ꏉ | ||||||||
uot | ꂹ | ꄥ | ꇃ | ꇦ | ꈞ | ꉒ | ꉤ | ꉵ | ꍨ | ꏨ | ꐄ | ꑹ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
uox | ꀌ | ꀢ | ꁃ | ꁢ | ꂜ | ꂺ | ꄋ | ꄦ | ꅁ | ꅴ | ꆇ | ꆢ | ꇄ | ꇧ | ꈃ | ꈟ | ꈶ | ꉓ | ꉥ | ꉶ | ꊄ | ꊘ | ꊺ | ꋸ | ꌔ | ꍊ | ꍦ | ꍾ | ꎯ | ꏊ | ꏩ | ꐅ | ꐠ | ꐹ | ꑒ | ꑥ | ꑺ | |||||||
uo | ꀍ | ꀣ | ꁄ | ꁣ | ꂝ | ꂻ | ꄌ | ꄧ | ꅂ | ꅵ | ꆈ | ꆣ | ꇅ | ꇨ | ꈄ | ꈠ | ꈷ | ꉔ | ꉦ | ꉷ | ꊅ | ꊙ | ꊻ | ꋹ | ꌕ | ꍋ | ꍧ | ꍿ | ꎰ | ꏋ | ꏪ | ꐆ | ꐡ | ꐺ | ꑓ | ꑦ | ꑻ | |||||||
uop | ꀎ | ꀤ | ꁅ | ꁤ | ꂞ | ꂼ | ꄨ | ꅃ | ꆉ | ꆤ | ꇆ | ꇩ | ꈅ | ꈡ | ꈸ | ꉕ | ꉸ | ꊆ | ꊚ | ꊼ | ꌖ | ꍌ | ꍨ | ꎱ | ꏌ | ꏫ | ꐇ | ꐢ | ꑔ | ꑼ | ||||||||||||||
ot | ꀏ | ꀥ | ꁆ | ꁥ | ꂁ | ꂟ | ꂽ | ꃮ | ꄍ | ꄩ | ꅄ | ꅛ | ꅶ | ꆊ | ꇇ | ꇪ | ꈆ | ꈢ | ꈹ | ꉖ | ꉧ | ꉹ | ꊛ | ꊽ | ꌗ | ꌵ | ꍐ | ꍬ | ꎃ | ꎵ | ꏐ | ꏬ | ꐈ | ꐣ | ꐻ | ꑕ | ꑧ | ꑽ | ||||||
ox | ꀐ | ꀦ | ꁇ | ꁦ | ꂂ | ꂠ | ꂾ | ꃕ | ꃯ | ꄎ | ꄪ | ꅅ | ꅜ | ꅷ | ꆋ | ꆥ | ꇈ | ꇫ | ꈇ | ꈣ | ꈺ | ꉗ | ꉨ | ꉺ | ꊇ | ꊜ | ꊾ | ꋜ | ꋺ | ꌘ | ꌶ | ꍎ | ꍪ | ꎁ | ꎘ | ꎳ | ꏎ | ꏭ | ꐉ | ꐤ | ꐼ | ꑖ | ꑨ | ꑾ |
o | ꀑ | ꀧ | ꁈ | ꁧ | ꂃ | ꂡ | ꂿ | ꃖ | ꃰ | ꄏ | ꄫ | ꅆ | ꅝ | ꆌ | ꆦ | ꇉ | ꇬ | ꈈ | ꈤ | ꈻ | ꉘ | ꉩ | ꉻ | ꊈ | ꊝ | ꊿ | ꋝ | ꌙ | ꌷ | ꍏ | ꍫ | ꎂ | ꎙ | ꎴ | ꏏ | ꏮ | ꐊ | ꐥ | ꐽ | ꑗ | ꑩ | ꑿ | ||
op | ꀒ | ꀨ | ꁉ | ꁨ | ꂄ | ꂢ | ꃀ | ꃗ | ꃱ | ꄐ | ꄬ | ꅇ | ꅞ | ꅸ | ꆍ | ꆧ | ꇊ | ꇭ | ꈉ | ꈥ | ꈼ | ꉙ | ꉪ | ꉼ | ꊉ | ꊞ | ꋀ | ꋞ | ꋻ | ꌚ | ꌸ | ꍐ | ꍬ | ꎃ | ꎚ | ꎵ | ꏐ | ꏯ | ꐋ | ꐦ | ꐾ | ꑘ | ꑪ | ꒀ |
et | ꇮ | ꈊ | ꈦ | ꍔ | ꍰ | ꎇ | ꎞ | ꎹ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ex | ꀓ | ꀩ | ꁩ | ꃁ | ꃲ | ꄑ | ꄭ | ꅈ | ꅟ | ꅹ | ꆎ | ꆨ | ꇋ | ꇯ | ꈋ | ꈧ | ꈽ | ꉚ | ꉫ | ꉽ | ꊊ | ꊟ | ꋁ | ꋟ | ꋼ | ꌛ | ꌹ | ꍒ | ꍮ | ꎅ | ꎜ | ꎷ | ꏑ | |||||||||||
e | ꀔ | ꀪ | ꁪ | ꃂ | ꄒ | ꄮ | ꅉ | ꅠ | ꅺ | ꆏ | ꆩ | ꇌ | ꇰ | ꈌ | ꈨ | ꈾ | ꉛ | ꉬ | ꉾ | ꊋ | ꊠ | ꋂ | ꋠ | ꋽ | ꌜ | ꌺ | ꍓ | ꍯ | ꎆ | ꎝ | ꎸ | ꏒ | ||||||||||||
ep | ꀫ | ꁫ | ꃳ | ꄓ | ꄯ | ꅊ | ꅡ | ꅻ | ꆐ | ꆪ | ꇍ | ꇱ | ꈍ | ꈩ | ꈿ | ꉜ | ꉭ | ꉿ | ꊌ | ꊡ | ꋃ | ꋡ | ꌝ | ꌻ | ꍔ | ꍰ | ꎇ | ꎞ | ꎹ | ꏓ | ||||||||||||||
ut | ꀬ | ꁊ | ꁬ | ꂅ | ꂣ | ꃃ | ꃘ | ꃴ | ꄔ | ꄰ | ꅋ | ꅢ | ꅼ | ꆑ | ꆫ | ꇎ | ꇲ | ꈎ | ꈪ | ꉀ | ꊢ | ꋄ | ꌞ | ꌼ | ꍘ | ꎋ | ꎢ | ꎽ | ꏗ | ꏰ | ꐌ | ꐧ | ꑙ | ꒁ | ||||||||||
ux | ꀭ | ꁋ | ꁭ | ꂆ | ꂤ | ꃄ | ꃙ | ꃵ | ꄕ | ꄱ | ꅌ | ꅣ | ꆒ | ꆬ | ꇏ | ꇳ | ꈏ | ꈫ | ꉁ | ꊣ | ꋅ | ꋢ | ꋾ | ꌟ | ꌽ | ꍖ | ꍱ | ꎉ | ꎠ | ꎻ | ꏕ | ꏱ | ꐍ | ꐨ | ꐿ | ꑚ | ꒂ | |||||||
u | ꀮ | ꁌ | ꁮ | ꂇ | ꂥ | ꃅ | ꃚ | ꃶ | ꄖ | ꄲ | ꅍ | ꅤ | ꆓ | ꆭ | ꇐ | ꇴ | ꈐ | ꈬ | ꉂ | ꊤ | ꋆ | ꋣ | ꋿ | ꌠ | ꌾ | ꍗ | ꍲ | ꎊ | ꎡ | ꎼ | ꏖ | ꏲ | ꐎ | ꐩ | ꑀ | ꑛ | ꒃ | |||||||
up | ꀯ | ꁍ | ꁯ | ꂈ | ꂦ | ꃆ | ꃛ | ꃷ | ꄗ | ꄳ | ꅎ | ꅥ | ꆔ | ꆮ | ꇑ | ꇵ | ꈑ | ꈭ | ꉃ | ꊥ | ꋇ | ꋤ | ꌀ | ꌡ | ꌿ | ꍘ | ꍳ | ꎋ | ꎢ | ꎽ | ꏗ | ꏳ | ꐏ | ꐪ | ꑁ | ꑜ | ꒄ | |||||||
urx | ꀰ | ꁎ | ꁰ | ꂉ | ꂧ | ꃇ | ꃜ | ꃸ | ꄘ | ꄴ | ꅏ | ꅦ | ꆕ | ꆯ | ꇒ | ꇶ | ꈒ | ꈮ | ꉄ | ꊦ | ꋈ | ꋥ | ꌁ | ꌢ | ꍙ | ꍴ | ꎌ | ꎣ | ꎾ | ꏘ | ꏴ | ꐐ | ꐫ | ꑂ | ꒅ | |||||||||
ur | ꀱ | ꁏ | ꁱ | ꂊ | ꂨ | ꃈ | ꃝ | ꃹ | ꄙ | ꄵ | ꅐ | ꅧ | ꆖ | ꆰ | ꇓ | ꇷ | ꈓ | ꈯ | ꉅ | ꊧ | ꋉ | ꋦ | ꌂ | ꌣ | ꍚ | ꍵ | ꎍ | ꎤ | ꎿ | ꏙ | ꏵ | ꐑ | ꐬ | ꑃ | ꒆ | |||||||||
yt | ꀲ | ꁐ | ꁲ | ꂋ | ꃉ | ꃞ | ꃺ | ꆱ | ꇔ | ꊨ | ꋊ | ꋧ | ꌃ | ꌤ | ꍀ | ꍞ | ꍹ | ꎑ | ꎨ | ꏃ | ꏝ | ꏶ | ꐒ | ꐭ | ꑄ | ꑫ | ꒇ | |||||||||||||||||
yx | ꀳ | ꁑ | ꁳ | ꂌ | ꂩ | ꃊ | ꃟ | ꃻ | ꆲ | ꇕ | ꊩ | ꋋ | ꋨ | ꌄ | ꌥ | ꍁ | ꍜ | ꍷ | ꎏ | ꎦ | ꏁ | ꏛ | ꏷ | ꐓ | ꐮ | ꑅ | ꑬ | ꒈ | ||||||||||||||||
y | ꀴ | ꁒ | ꁴ | ꂍ | ꂪ | ꃋ | ꃠ | ꃼ | ꆳ | ꇖ | ꊪ | ꋌ | ꋩ | ꌅ | ꌦ | ꍂ | ꍝ | ꍸ | ꎐ | ꎧ | ꏂ | ꏜ | ꏸ | ꐔ | ꐯ | ꑆ | ꑭ | ꒉ | ||||||||||||||||
yp | ꀵ | ꁓ | ꁵ | ꂎ | ꂫ | ꃌ | ꃡ | ꃽ | ꆴ | ꇗ | ꊫ | ꋍ | ꋪ | ꌆ | ꌧ | ꍃ | ꍞ | ꍹ | ꎑ | ꎨ | ꏃ | ꏝ | ꏹ | ꐕ | ꐰ | ꑇ | ꑮ | ꒊ | ||||||||||||||||
yrx | ꀶ | ꁔ | ꂏ | ꂬ | ꃾ | ꆵ | ꇘ | ꊬ | ꋎ | ꋫ | ꌇ | ꌨ | ꍄ | ꍟ | ꍺ | ꎒ | ꎩ | ꏄ | ꏞ | ꏺ | ꐖ | ꑈ | ꑯ | ꒋ | ||||||||||||||||||||
yr | ꀷ | ꁕ | ꂐ | ꂭ | ꃿ | ꆶ | ꇙ | ꊭ | ꋏ | ꋬ | ꌈ | ꌩ | ꍅ | ꍠ | ꍻ | ꎓ | ꎪ | ꏅ | ꏟ | ꏻ | ꐗ | ꑉ | ꑰ | ꒌ |
Contents | Yi People & Language | Yi Script | Vocabulary | Lesson 1