2010-03-01
[Mirrored from http://babelstone.blogspot.com/2010/03/ogham-stones-of-wales.html]
Wales has the greatest number of Ogham stones of any region outside of Ireland (35 stones with definite Ogham inscriptions), but as can be seen from the map below, they are unevenly distributed, with large numbers in the south-west and the south-east, and only a handful in the north :
Location of Ogham Stones in Wales
Red tags mark the sites of certain Ogham inscriptions (a dot indicates that the stone is in situ)
Yellow tags mark the sites of dubious or unconfirmed Ogham inscriptions
Blue tags mark museums or other sites where Ogham stone are held
The modern names of Post-Roman Welsh kingdoms are overprinted in white
Distribution of Ogham Stones by Kingdom
The distribution of Ogham stones in Wales closely reflects the geopolitical situation of post-Roman Britain. The majority of stones are concentrated in the area of south-west Wales that belonged to the Kingdom of Dyfed (early 5th century through to the early 10th century), which was the major centre for Irish settlement in Wales during the post-Roman period. During the late 4th century and early 5th century large numbers of the Déisi crossed from the Waterford area of Ireland to Britain, and settled in the land of the Demetae in south-west Wales. Their leaders displaced the original British ruling class, and founded the kingdom of Dyfed, which is believed to have been bounded on the north by the River Teifi and on the east by the River Tywi. Dyfed was neighboured on the north by the Brythonic Kingdom of Ceredigion, and to the south-east by the Brythonic Kingdom of Glywysing, but to the east lay the Kingdom of Brycheiniog (largely corresponding to the area of modern Brecknockshire), which had also been founded by Irish raiders, and was ruled by kings of Irish descent.
Irish Settlements in Western Britain
Source : Lloyd Laing, The Archaeology of Late Celtic Britain and Ireland, c. 400–1200 AD (Methuen, 1975) Fig. 1
Over twenty Ogham stones are found within the territory of Dyfed, including a couple of stones which are just on the other side of the River Teifi, in erstwhile Cardiganshire (RHDDL/1 and LDYSL/1), but the modern course of the river clearly deviates from the course the river took fifteen hundred years ago, and they would originally have been on the Dyfed side of the river. At least eight Ogham stones are also found in the territory of Brycheiniog, testifying to the strength of Irish settlement in these two areas, and evidence that the Irish language was widely spoken here, at least by the ruling elite and land owners. There are also two Ogham stones east of the River Tywi, in what would probably have been the territory of Glywysing, suggesting that Irish settlement pushed eastwards from Dyfed into the western part of its Brythonic neighbour. To the north of Dyfed, in the territory of Ceredigion there is only one doubtful Ogham stone (LARTH/1).
In contrast to the large number of Ogham stones in South Wales (at least 32), there are only three certain Ogham inscriptions in North Wales, all within the territory of the Kingdom of Gwynedd. There had been extensive Irish raiding and settlement in the north of Wales as well as in the south, especially in the Llŷn Peninsula (the name of which is derived from the Laigin, the men of Leinster) and Anglesey, but during the late 4th century and early 5th century there was strong resistence to the Irish incursions, led by Cunedda (founder of the kingdom of Gwynedd), and the Irish did not manage to gain control of any of the kingdoms in the north. So it is perhaps to be expected that there are a few Ogham stones in the area of Gwynedd, but not very many, reflecting the presence, but not dominance, of Irish settlers in the region.
It is interesting to take a look at two other maps showing the distribution of Ogham stones in Wales, a recent one from Wikipedia and one published quite a long time ago by the Ordnance Survey (also available, Nash-Williams' Map of Wales illustrating the distribution of Early Christian Monuments 5th.–7th. century A.D. from The Early Christian Monuments of Wales).
The Wikipedia map of Ogham stones in Wales on the Ogham inscription page shows roughly the same numbers and locations of Ogham stone in South Wales that my map does, but it unexpectedly shows eleven Ogham stones in North Wales, of which only two coincide the three definite Ogham stones on my map.
Wikipedia : Inscription Stones in Wales
"Source : Placement according to Samuel Ferguson's Ogham Inscriptions in Ireland, Wales, and Scotland (1887); several articles by John Rhys; the Celtic Inscribed Stones Project website (2009-10-30); K. Jongeling's Latin Inscriptions from Wales website (2009-10-30)."
I am quite certain that there are not nearly as many as eleven Ogham stones in North Wales, and that most of the red dots in North Wales should be green. Taking a single example, the red dot placed on Bardsey Island must be BARDS/1, which is definitely not an Ogham stone, and as far as I can tell has never been claimed as an Ogham stone. These misidentifications badly distort the distribution of Ogham stones in Wales, making it seem that Gwynedd was as important a centre for Ogham stone inscription as Brycheiniog was, whereas in fact Gwynedd seems to have been marginal.
The Ordnance Survey Map of Britain in the Dark Ages (first published 1935) that I have had since I was a young teenager gives a very useful overview of the archaeological remains in Britain during the period 410–871, and comes with indexes which give the exact location of each feature marked on the map. In the case of Celtic memorial stones (with or without Ogham inscriptions), where possible the index on pages 50 and 51 provides a reference to Nash-Williams' The Early Christian Monuments of Wales (Cardiff, 1950), from which it is possible to identify the stone in question in the CISP database.
Ordnance Survey : Wales in the Dark Ages
Source : Map of Britain in the Dark Ages 2nd Edition (Ordnance Survey, 1966)
Key (selected features only)
Blue = Celtic
Black = Pagan Anglo-Saxon
Red = Christian Anglo-Saxon
This map is very useful, but strangely enough there are a number of memorial stones in both Cornwall and Wales that are marked as having an Ogham inscription for which I can find no evidence for actually having an Ogham inscription :
Up until a few days ago I had assumed that these must all have been accidentally mislabelled by the editors of the map, and that they were almost certainly without any Ogham inscription. However, on Monday I noticed on the page describing the forthcoming third volume of A Corpus of Early Medieval Inscribed Stones and Stone Sculpture in Wales the statement that "[d]iscoveries made in the course of fieldwork in 2007 include a previously unknown ogam inscription on a roman-letter inscribed stone from Llanfaelog". Upon enquiry, Professor Nancy Edwards was kind enough to provide me with the details of this discovery, and it transpires that the Ogham inscription is on the stone indicated as having an Ogham inscription on it in the index of memorial stones in the Map of Britain in the Dark Ages (cross-referenced to ECMW 10, the Mailisi stone). This stone and its Latin inscription, MAILISI, was first noticed by John Skinner in 1802 (Ten Days Tour through the island of Anglesea page 42 and 48; in Archaeologia Cambrensis Supplement, July 1908), when it was already in use as a lintel in a barn, and it remained built into the barn wall until the barn was demolished in 2001. Skinner only notes a Latin inscription, and I can find no mention of an Ogham inscription on this stone in any source other than the Ordnance Survey map. Moreover, according to Professor Edwards the Ogham inscription was not visible until the stone had been removed from the structure of the barn in 2001, so where, I wonder, did the Ordnance Survey get the idea that the stone did have an Ogham inscription on it ? Perhaps it is just a lucky coincidence that they accidentally mismarked the Mailisi stone as an Ogham stone, but given that there are nearly fifty memorial stones in North Wales, and only two of them (other than this stone) definitely have an Ogham inscription, it would be remarkably serendipitous to make such a mistake on the one stone that really does have an Ogham inscription amongst all the others that do not. I wonder if perhaps at one time the Ogham inscription was visible, and had been noticed by an Ordnance Survey surveyor, but later became obscured when the window it was a lintel to was perhaps rebuilt, and so the Ogham inscription was not noticed by Nash-Williams. Whatever the true explanation may be, it has made me think again about the other four stones in Wales and Cornwall that only the Ordnance Survey map indicates as having an Ogham inscription on them. Does the Ordnance Survey perhaps know something about these stones that Macalister, Nash-Williams and everyone else did not know ?
A further issue with the Ordnance Survey map (and also with the Wikipedia map) is that some of the stones indicated as having an Ogham inscription may not really have an Ogham inscription on them at all. Because of the nature of the Ogham script and the way that it is carved along edge of stones, Ogham inscriptions tend to be less durable than Latin inscriptions. Over the centuries the edges of a stone can become abraded, and the strokes of Ogham letters (especially the vowel letters) can disappear. The result of this is that most Ogham inscriptions are incomplete, and need to be reconstructed to a certain extent. This also means that ogamologists need to be on the look out for odd incisions and marks on the edges of stones that might be the vestiges of an Ogham inscription that has been all but worn away. Unfortunately, this also means that natural features of the rock or marks made by later processes (such as sharpening farm implements or weapons) may be mistaken for the remnant strokes of Ogham letters. It is also possible that Ogham inscriptions were deliberately obliterated at a later date, usually when a cross was added to the stone, either because they were thought to be pagan marks or because they were aesthetically displeasing.
R. A. S. Macalister, author of the monumental Corpus Inscriptionum Insularum Celticarum [CIIC], had a particularly fanciful imagination when it came to recognising remnants of Ogham inscriptions. Macalister identifies LARTH/1 (CIIC 348), LDYSL/1 (CIIC 349), SISHM/1 (CIIC 376), HENLL/1 (CIIC 364), PTREF/1 (CIIC 401) and TIRPH/1 (CIIC 404) in Wales, and SENDL/1 (CIIC 478) and SCLEM/1 (CIIC 473) in Cornwall, as having traces of an Ogham inscription on them. In a couple of cases there is no visible trace of any Ogham letters left on the stone, but Macalister speculates that a perceived pattern of flaking along the edges indicate that an original Ogham inscription has been deliberately obliterated. Macalister is the only authority to see the remnants of an Ogham inscription on most of these eight stones, and for some of these stones other authorities have explicitly discounted the possibility of an Ogham inscription. Thus, it is doubtful that these stones did originally have an Ogham inscription on them, but because they have been identified as having one by Macalister, they are still marked as such on the Ordnance Survey and Wikipedia maps. I have attempted to distinguish between certain Ogham inscriptions (including stones such as DFYNG/1 and MTHRY/1 that have vestiges of an Ogham inscription that are recognised by more than one authority) and doubtful Ogham inscriptions on my map, by marking certain Ogham stones with a red tag (35 stones), and marking doubtful and unconfirmed Ogham stones with a yellow tag (11 stones).
The Welsh Ogham stones are all dated to the 5th and 6th centuries, and as is the case with the Ogham stones of Cornwall and Devon, most of them have a dual inscription, in Latin (script and language) on the face of the stone, and and in Ogham/Irish on the edge of the stone. Of the 35 definite Ogham stones in Wales, only five do not have a corresponding latin inscription (BRAW1/1, BRIDL/1, LFRN2/1, LOUGH/1, YFLL2/1). In all cases the inscription records the name of a person, and optionally the name of the person's father or some other familial relationship. In almost all cases the commemorated person is male, but in one case the Ogham inscription refers to the commemorated person as the daughter of someone (EGLWC/1).
Seven of the Latin inscriptions on biscript stones incorporate the hic iacit "here lies" formula, and a little over half of the definite Ogham stones are sited in churchyards or in churches, so it seems probable that most of the stones were memorial stones or grave markers (although none have been archaeologically associated with a grave). Two stones from Brawdy, one Ogham only (BRAW1/1) and one Ogham and Latin (BRAW3/1), were found next to an Iron Age hill fort (they were being used as a footbridge and as a gatepost, so they may well have been moved from an original location inside the hill fort). It has been suggested that the hill fort may have been reused as burial site, as was the case with some other hill forts in south-west Wales during the early medieval period, which would explain the presence of two Ogham stones in the same location (see Nancy Edwards, Early-Medieval Inscribed Stones and Stone Sculpture in Wales: Context and Function page 22). Another stone (CLOCG/1) originally stood on the summit of a burial mound called Bryn-y-Beddau "Hill of the Graves", in the close viscinity of a number of stone circles. Two stones originally stood close to Roman roads : the memorial to Icorix (BRYNK/1) was 200 m. from the road to Caernarfon and 300 m. from a minor Roman fort; and the memorial to Voteporix the Protector (CDWYR/1) was found at the edge of a churchyard about 200 m. south of a Roman road. The siting of these two memorial stones may reflect a continuation of the Roman custom of roadside burial, or may simply thave been intended to let the memorial be seen by people travelling along the road. Although most stones were probably memorials to the dead, there are also a few stones that are sited on open moorland (YFLL2/1) or in mountainous countryside (PONTS/1) that are nowhere near ecclesiastical or burial sites, and so may have been used as markers of land ownership, as was probably the original purpose of Ogham stones in Ireland.
The names engraved in the Ogham inscriptions on the Welsh stones are overwhelmingly Goidelic, with only a few names that are probably Brythonic, some possibly indicative of intermarriage between Irish settlers and the native British inhabitants :
In comparison with Cornwall and Wales, where three of the six definite Ogham inscriptions that we can read commemorate people with Latin names (Ingenuus, Iustus and Latinus), only four out of the thirty-five definite Ogham inscriptions in Wales commemorate someone with a Latin name. This difference is probably due to the relatively small number of Irish settlers in Dumnonia becoming culturally assimilated within the Romano-British population; whereas the Irish settlers in Wales belonged to large Irish communities, and so there was no pressure on them to adopt Latin names in favour of Irish names.
The CRCKH/1 and KENFG/1 inscriptions both illustrate the use of the rare Ogham letter Ifin or Iphin (earlier Pin, from Latin pinus "pine" or spina "thorn" ?) ᚘ (in manuscript texts written as two overlapping diagonal crosses, but in monumental inscriptions written as a single diagonal cross) that is used to represent /p/ in Latin, Brythonic or Pictish names. As Primitive Irish did not have a /p/ sound there was originally no Ogham letter for /p/, and so the cross-shaped letter was added to represent this foreign sound. In later medieval Irish tradition this letter was repurposed as the diphthong /io/, and a new letter Peith ᚚ introduced to represent /p/ in its place. The only other definite occurence of this letter on an Ogham stone inscription is in County Kerry, Ireland (COOLE/1), where it is used to write the name Erpenn, which Macalister suggests is a hybrid of the Pictish name Erp and the Irish diminuitive -én.
One other interesting feature of the Ogham transcription of non-Irish names is exhibited by the St. Dogwell's stone (SDOGW/1), where the name written in the Latin script as HOGTIVIS is written in the Ogham script as OGTEN[AS]. The language and derivation of the name Hogtivis is obscure, but it cannot be Goidelic. In writing the name Hogtivis in Ogham letters, the initial H has been dropped, which confirms that the Ogham letter uath ᚆ, which in later medieval Irish tradition is used to represent the Latin letter H, but which does not occur in Ogham inscriptions on memorial stones, was not used to represent the /h/ sound at this time. Exactly what the original phonetic value of this letter was is unknown ([y] has been suggested), but it had become obsolete by the time that Primitive Irish came to be inscribed on memorial stones in the 4th to 6th centuries.
[The Ogham stones of Wales are grouped in tables according to the historic county in which they are sited.]
| Stone | Description | Inscriptions |
|---|---|---|
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CISP LFAEL/1 ECMW 10 
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Site : Penseiri Farm, Trecastell, Llanfaelog [SH 3346 7066] Original Location : Found in a field, then used as the lintel for a window in a nearby barn. Current Location : In an outbuilding north of the farmhouse (the barn having been demolished in 2001). First Recorded : 1802 Dimensions : Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top ? Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams), 400–599 (Edwards) Notes : This stone is marked as an Ogham stone on the Ordnance Survey Map of Britain in the Dark Ages, but no Ogham inscription is noted in the CISP database or appears to have been published elsewhere. When the stone was examined by Professor Nancy Edwards in 2007 she noticed the remnants of a previously unrecorded Ogham inscription on the stone (my thanks to Professor Edwards for kindly providing me with details of the stone and its inscriptions in advance of its publication in the forthcoming third volume of A Corpus of Early Medieval Inscribed Stones and Stone Sculpture in Wales covering North Wales). |
M/AILIS{I} MAILISI Of Mailisus |
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ᚋᚐᚔᚂᚔᚄᚔ M[AILI]S[I] Of Mailisus |
| Stone | Description | Inscriptions |
|---|---|---|
| CISP ABHYD/1 |
Site : Aberhydfer, Trecastle [SN 8590 2780] Original Location : In a wall/hedge. Current Location : Inside St. David's Church, Llywel. First Recorded : 1954 Dimensions : 1.82 × 0.33 × 0.22 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : Notes : The Ogham inscription cuts across the Latin inscription where the stone has been chamfered, indicating that the Ogham inscription postdates the Latin inscription. |
[..]CIVS | [...]VS: | [..]AV[R] | [.A]NVS[-- [LU]CIVS [FILI]VS [T]AVR[I]ANVS Lucius, son of Taurianus |
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ᚈᚐᚏᚔᚉᚑᚏᚑ TARI[C]OR[O] Of Taricoris (or Taricorus) |
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CISP CRCKH/1 CIIC 327 ECMW 43 OIIWS 189 OISW 153 
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Site : Ty-yn-y-wlad Farm, Crickhowell [SO 2250 1930] Original Location : By the side of a field. Current Location : Brecknock Museum & Art Gallery, Brecon [Cast No. 06.482]. First Recorded : 1774 Dimensions : 1.98 × 0.53 × 0.18 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 500–599 (Nash-Williams) Notes : |
CIT | TVRPILLIICIA | PVVERITRILV{N}I{D}V{N}OCA | TI TVRPILLI (H)IC IACIT PVVERI TRILVNI DVNOCATI Of Turpillius. here lies the son of Trilunus Dunocatus |
|
ᚈᚒᚏᚘᚔᚂᚂᚔᚋᚐᚊᚔᚈᚏᚔᚂᚂᚒᚅᚔ TURPIL[LI MAQI TRIL]LUNI Of Turpillius, son of Trillunus [Macalister reads TURPILI MOSAC TRALLONI "Of Turpilus, boy (=attendant) of Trallonus".] |
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CISP DFYNG/1 CIIC 328 ECMW 44 
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Site : St Cynog's Church, Defynnog, Maescar [SN 9250 2790] Original Location : Built into the external face of the church tower. Current Location : In Situ. First Recorded : 1853 Dimensions : 1.68 × 0.25 × 0.15 m. Ogham Layout : Right edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams) Notes : The reading of the Ogham inscription is uncertain, as only a few isolated strokes of the original inscription remain. "Ogham, almost all of which was trimmed away by the masons. Only the tips of three letters lying upon the H-surface remain" (Macalister 1945 p.318). "Possible vestiges of Ogams appear on the r. angle of the face" (Nash-Williams 1950 p.69). The cross was probably added later, changing the original orientation of the stone. |
RVGNIATIO | [FI]LIVENDONI RUGNIATIO FILI VENDONI Of Rugniatis, son of Vendonius |
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ᚏᚒᚌᚅᚔᚐᚈᚔᚐᚋᚐᚊᚔᚃᚓᚅᚇᚑᚅᚔ [RUGNIA]T[IA MA]Q[I VEN]D[ONI] Of Rugniatis, son of Vendonius |
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CISP TCSTL/1 CIIC 341 ECMW 71 OIIWS 205 
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Site : Pentre Poeth Farm, Capel Llanilid, Trecastle [SN 8700 2900] Original Location : In rough farmland. Current Location : British Museum (G41) [1878,1102.1]. First Recorded : 1878 Dimensions : Ogham Layout : Right edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams) Notes : The stone is richly decorated on the reverse (click on the image to see both sides of the stone), but these decorations were probably added later, and are upsidedown with respect to the original orientation of the stone. |
[M]/ACCVTRENI+SALICIDVNI MACCVTRENI + SALICIDVNI Of Maccutrenus Salicidunus |
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ᚋᚐᚊᚒᚈᚏᚓᚅᚔᚄᚐᚂᚔᚉᚔᚇᚒᚅᚔ MAQUTRENI SALICIDUNI Of Maquutrenus Salicidunus [This is the reading of Nash-Williams 1950. Macalister 1945 reads MAQITRENI instead of MAQUTRENI.] |
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CISP CRAI/1 CIIC 329 ECMW 42 
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Site : Pentre Goch Garreg, Crai, Brecknock [SN 8770 2350] Original Location : Unknown. Current Location : Lost. First Recorded : 1698 Dimensions : 3.20 × 0.30 × 0.15 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams) Notes : This stone is only known from a 1698 drawing by Edward Lhuyd, who was unaware at the time that the marks along the edge of the stone were Ogham letters (it was not until 1702–1707 that Lhuyd recognised the marks on the edge of EMLGE/1 as an alphabetic inscription, but even then he did not realise that they were Ogham ["Several Observations Relating to the Antiquities and Natural History of Ireland"; in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London vol.27 (1710) pp.503–506]). The Ogham inscription as drawn by Lhuyd cannot be meaningfully interpretted. |
CANN/TIANIET | PA/TERILLIVSM/ACCV | TRENIHICIA | CIT CANNTIANI ET PATER ILLIVS MACCVTRENI HIC IACIT Of Cantianus and his father Maccutrenus, he lies here |
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ᚁᚋ ᚄ ᚅ ᚅ ᚅ B[M--]S[--]N[--]N[--]N |
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Site : Llanfihangel-Cwmdu [SO 1510 2190] Original Location : East of Bwlch. Current Location : In situ ? First Recorded : Dimensions : Ogham Layout : Date : Notes : Marked as an Ogham stone on the Ordnance Survey Map of Britain in the Dark Ages, but there appears to be no entry for this stone in the CISP database. |
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CISP TRLLW/1 CIIC 342 ECMW 70 OIIWS 199 OISW 161 
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Site : St. David's Church, Trallwng (Trallong), Brecknock [SN 9660 2950] Original Location : Used as the lintel for a window in the old church. Current Location : Inside the new St. David's Church, Trallong. First Recorded : 1856 Dimensions : 1.75 × 0.36 × 0.13 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams), 500–550 (Jackson) Notes : The cross was added later, changing the original orientation of the stone. |
CVNOCENNIFILIV[S] | CVNOGENIHICIACIT CVNOCENNI FILIVS CVNOGENI HIC IACIT Of Cunocennius, son of Cunogenus, he lies here |
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ᚉᚒᚅᚐᚉᚓᚅᚅᚔᚃᚔᚔᚂᚃᚃᚓᚈᚑ CUNACENNIVI ILVVETO Of Cunacennivus Ilvveto(s) [The latter part of the inscription is problematic, and several different interpretations have been offered.] |
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CISP PONTS/1 CIIC 336 ECMW 67a |
Site : Ystrad mountain, Pontsticill [SO 0730 1310] Original Location : On the mountain (according to Edward Lhuyd). Current Location : In Cwm Criban valley below Ystrad mountain (rediscovered by Webley in 1957). First Recorded : 1694 Dimensions : 1.65 × 0.35 × 0.30 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–599 (Nash-Williams) Notes : |
[--] | [--]MAQI[--] [--] MAQI [--] ..., son of ... |
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ᚋᚐᚊᚔᚇᚓᚉᚓᚇᚐ M[A]Q[I]D[E]C[E]DA Maqi-Deceda |
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CISP YFLL2/1 CIIC 345 ECMW 74 
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Site : Pen-y-Mynydd, Ystradfellte, Caer Madoc [SN 9180 1570] Original Location : On open moorland. Current Location : Cyfarthfa Castle Musuem & Art Gallery, Merthyr Tydfil, Glamorgan. First Recorded : 1789 Dimensions : 1.88 × 0.25 × 0.25 m. Ogham Layout : Left-(Top)-Right edges, bottom-to-top then top-to-bottom. Date : 400–599 (Nash-Williams) Notes : |
ᚌᚂᚒᚃᚑᚉᚐ ᚔ GLUVOCA[--] ||| I[-- Of Gluvoca[--] |
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Site : Ystradfellte [SN 9240 1910] Original Location : Near the road from Ystradfellte to Heol Senni. Current Location : In situ. First Recorded : Dimensions : Ogham Layout : Date : Notes : The stone is known as Maen Llia. It is marked as an Ogham stone on the Ordnance Survey Map of Britain in the Dark Ages, but there appears to be no entry for this stone in the CISP database. |
| Stone | Description | Inscriptions |
|---|---|---|
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CISP BRYNK/1 CIIC 380 ECMW 84 
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Site : Llystyngwyn Farm, Brynkir, Dolbenmaen [SH 4820 4554] Original Location : Near a gap in a hedge, 200 m. from a Roman road. Current Location : Farmyard of Llystyngwyn Farm. First Recorded : 1902 Dimensions : 1.02 × 1.09 × 0.36 m. Ogham Layout : Right edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 500–599 (Nash-Williams) Notes : |
ICORIFILIVS | POTENTI | NI ICORI(X) FILIVS POTENTINI Icorix, son of Potentinus |
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ᚔᚉᚑᚏᚔᚌᚐᚄ ICORIGAS Of Icorix |
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CISP TFLYS/1 CIIC 398 ECMW 106 
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Site : St. Michael's Church, Treflys [SH 5343 3784] Original Location : In the foundation of the western wall of the churchyard. Current Location : Inside the church. First Recorded : 1904 Dimensions : 1.33 × 0.36 × 0.20 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top ? Date : 500–599 (Nash-Williams) Notes : No Ogham inscription is now visible, but Macalister 1945 notes that the left hand edge has been chipped, "as though to destroy an Ogham". |
IACONVSF/IL/I/V/SMIN{I} | IACIT IACONVS FILIVS MINI IACIT Jaconus, son of Minus, lies (here) |
| Stone | Description | Inscriptions |
|---|---|---|
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CISP LARTH/1 CIIC 348 ECMW 110 
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Site : St. David's Church, Llanarth [SN 4229 5772] Original Location : Outside the church. Current Location : Inside the church. First Recorded : 1808 Dimensions : 1.47 × 0.61 × 0.25 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams) Notes : The Ogham inscription is doubtful, and only legible to Macalister. "Apparently the artist of the cross did not notice his predecessor's work till he had completed his task, and when he did so, cautiously chipped it away, taking care not to spoil his own handiwork. He was obliged to spare the final S, which lay upon the arm of the cross, to avoid spoiling the latter with an unsightly flake. The work of destruction has not been complete: his carefulness has forced him to leave tips of scores along the B-surface: an R, an N (possibly), and L and a G can thus be traced; indeed, the second score of the last letter can be followed almost throughout its length. Restoring the vowels by the interspaces, and supplying an inevitable initial T, we arrive at TRENALUGOS as the most probable restoration" (Macalister 1945 p.333). "On the edge of the left arm-end what appear to be ogam strokes cannot be earlier than the cross and are likely to be strokes made by sharpening tools or weapons" (Thomas 1994 p.417). |
G[URHI][R^S]T GURHI[R]T Gurhirt (or Girhirst) |
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ᚈᚏᚓᚅᚐᚂᚒᚌᚑᚄ [T]R[E]N[A]L[U]G[O]S [This is Macalister's restoration.] |
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CISP LDYSL/1 CIIC 349 ECMW 121 
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Site : St. Tysul's Church, Llandysul [SN 4190 4060] Original Location : Wall of the churchyard. Current Location : Inside the church (set into the north wall of the vestry). First Recorded : 1703 Dimensions : 0.44 × 0.36 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 500–599 (Nash-Williams), 525–575 (Jackson) Notes : The broken upper portion of a pillar stone. The Ogham inscription is doubtful, and has only been recognised by Macalister. "The surviving traces—mere distal tips of the scores—of the Ogham suggest a V and an R, probably relics of the name [VEL]V[O]R[IGES]" (Macalister 1945 p.335). |
VELVOR[-- | F/ILI{A} | BROHO[-- VELVOR[IA] FILIA BROHO[MAGLI] Velvoria, daughter of Brohomaglos |
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ᚃᚓᚂᚃᚑᚏᚔᚌᚓᚄ [VEL]V[O]R[IGES] [Of] Velvoriges |
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CISP RHDDL/1 CIIC 353 ECMW 127 OIIWS 192 OISW 160 
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Site : Crug y Wyl Farm, Rhyddlan, Llanwenog [SN 4860 4241] Original Location : In the foundations of the ruins of Capel Wyl. Current Location : National Museum of Wales, Cardiff. (A History of the World) First Recorded : 1808 Dimensions : 1.78 × 0.36 × 0.20 m. Ogham Layout : Left-Top edges, bottom-to-top then left-to-right. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams) Notes : |
TRENACATVS | ICIACIT{F}ILIVS | MAGLAGNI TRENACATVS (H)IC IACIT FILIVS MAGLAGNI Trenacatus, here lies the son of Maglagnus |
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ᚈᚏᚓᚅᚐᚉᚉᚐᚈᚂᚑ TRENACCATLO Of Trenaccatlo |
| Stone | Description | Inscriptions |
|---|---|---|
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CISP CDWYR/1 CIIC 358 ECMW 138 
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Site : Castell Dwyran, Cilymaenllwyd [SN 1440 1819] Original Location : Part of the churchyard fence. Current Location : Carmarthen Museum. First Recorded : 1895 Dimensions : 2.11 × 0.61 × 0.30 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 540–550 (Nash-Williams), 550–550 (Jackson), 533–566 (McManus) Notes : VOTEPORIGIS/VOTECORIGAS has long been identified with Vortipor, a 6th-century king of Dyfed mentioned by Gildas, but recent scholarship tends to reject this identification on the basis that the lack of an R in the first syllable of the name in both the Ogham and Latin inscriptions cannot be reconciled with the spelling of the name given in historic sources. |
MEMORIA | VOTEPORIGIS | PROTICTORIS MEMORIA VOTEPORIGIS PROTICTORIS The memorial of Voteporix the Protector |
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ᚃᚑᚈᚓᚉᚑᚏᚔᚌᚐᚄ VOTECORIGAS Of Votecorix |
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CISP EGLWC/1 CIIC 362 ECMW 142 
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Site : St. Margaret's Church, Eglwyscummin [SN 2310 1065] Original Location : In the churchyard (used as a step on the south side of the church). Current Location : Inside the church. First Recorded : 1889 Dimensions : 1.02 × 0.33 × 0.25 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top; Right edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams), 466–499 (Jackson) Notes : |
AVITORIA | FILIACVNIGNI AVITORIA FILIA CVNIGNI Avitoria daughter of Cunignus |
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ᚔᚅᚔᚌᚓᚅᚐᚉᚒᚅᚔᚌᚅᚔ ᚐᚃᚔᚈᚈᚑᚏᚔᚌᚓᚄ INIGENA CUNIGNI ||| AVITTORIGES Of the daughter of Cunignos, Avittoriga |
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CISP LDWKE/1 CIIC 368 ECMW 150 OIIWS 198 
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Site : St. Odoceus' Church, Llandawke [SN 2820 1120] Original Location : In the churchyard. Current Location : Inside the church. First Recorded : 1838 Dimensions : 1.37 × 0.30 × 0.08 m. Ogham Layout : Right edge, bottom-to-top; Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams), 400–450 (Thomas) Notes : |
BARRIVEND{I} | F/ILIVSVENDVBARI | HICIACIT BARRIVENDI FILIVS VENDVBARI HIC IACIT Of Barrivendus, son of Vendubarus, he lies here |
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ᚇᚒᚋᚓᚂᚓᚇᚑᚅᚐᚄ ᚋᚐᚊᚔᚋᚒᚉᚑᚔ DUMELEDONAS ||| MAQI M[UCOI --] Of Dumeledo, son of the tribe of ... |
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CISP LGELR/1 CIIC 372 ECMW 160 
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Site : Capel Mair, Llangeler [SN 4030 3800] Original Location : In the Cemetery. Current Location : Inside the chapel. First Recorded : 1828 Dimensions : 1.05 × 0.46 × 0.10 m. Ogham Layout : Right edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 466–599 (Nash-Williams), 475–525 (Thomas) Notes : |
DE[CAB]ARBALOM | FILIVS BROCAGN{I} DECABARBALOM FILIUS BROCAGNI Decabarbalom son of Brocagnus |
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ᚇᚓᚉᚉᚐᚔᚁᚐᚏᚃᚐᚂᚁᚋᚐᚊᚔᚁᚏᚑᚉᚐᚌᚅᚔ DECCAIBARVALB [MAQI B]RO[CAG]NI Deccaibar, son of Brocagnus |
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CISP SISHM/1 CIIC 376 ECMW 174 
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Site : All Saints Church, Llansaint, St Ishmael's (Llan Ishmael) [SN 3846 0804] Original Location : Built into the external wall of the church. Current Location : In Situ. First Recorded : 1846 Dimensions : 1.47 × 0.27 m. Ogham Layout : Left-Top-Right edges, bottom-to-top then top-to-bottom ? Date : Notes : The Ogham inscription is very doubtful. According to Macalister the sides and tops of the stone have been flaked away in order destroy an original Ogham inscription, of which he sees the remnant strokes of a single letter. |
VENNISETL{I} | FILIVSERC:AGN{I} VENNISETLI FILIVS ERCAGNI Of Vennisetl, son of Ercagnus |
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ᚃᚓᚅᚅᚔᚄᚓᚈᚂᚔᚋᚐᚊᚔᚓᚏᚉᚐᚌᚅᚔ [VENNISETLI MAQI ERCA]G[NI] Of Ercagni |
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CISP LWNIO/1 CIIC 378 ECMW 169 OIIWS 201 
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Site : Llanwinio Church, Llanwinio [SN 2610 2646] Original Location : Llanwinio Carn (discovered whilst digging the foundations of the new church). Current Location : Carmarthen Museum, Cast at National Museum of Wales [14.306/5], Cardiff. First Recorded : 1846 Dimensions : 1.19 × 0.38 × 0.29 m. Ogham Layout : Right edge, bottom-to-top; Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–599 (Nash-Williams), 500–533 (Jackson), 500–533 (McManus) Notes : The cross was probably added later, changing the original orientation of the stone. Macalister 1945 suggests that there would have been a third line of Ogham on the third edge of the stone, which is now broken off. |
BIVAD{I} | AVIBODIBE | VE BIVADI AVI BODIBEVE Of Bivadus, grandson of Bodibeva |
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ᚁᚔᚃᚃᚐᚔᚇᚑᚅᚐᚄ ᚐᚃᚃᚔᚁᚑᚇᚇᚔᚁᚓᚃᚃᚐᚄ BIVVA[IDONAS] ||| AVVI BODDIB[EVVAS] Of Bivvaidu, grandson of Boddibevva |
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CISP HENLL/1 CIIC 364 ECMW 144 
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Site : Parciau House, Henllan Amgoed [SN 1750 1970] Original Location : Parc y Maen Field. Current Location : In Situ (but moved to an adjacent field). First Recorded : 1697 Dimensions : 1.60 × 0.53 × 0.33 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : Notes : The Ogham inscription is doubtful. "At best, for the greater part of its length, it is recognizable only by the hollows which the groups of letter-scores have left on the two sides of the angle" (Macalister 1945 pp.348-349). |
QUENVEND{A}N{I} | FILIB{A}RCUN{I} QUENVENDANI FILI BARCUNI Of Quenvendanus, son of Barcunus |
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ᚊᚒᚓᚅᚃᚓᚅᚇᚐᚅᚔᚋᚐᚊᚁᚐᚏᚉᚒᚅᚔ [QUE]NVENDANI M[AQ] B[A]R[CUNI] Of Quenvendanus, son of Barcunus |
| Stone | Description | Inscriptions |
|---|---|---|
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CISP CLOCG/1 CIIC 399 ECMW 176 OIIWS 195 
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Site : Bryn-y-Beddau, Clocaenog [SJ 0520 5320] Original Location : On the summit of a burial mound, Bryn-y-Beddau "Hill of the Graves". Current Location : National Museum of Wales [36.473], Cardiff. First Recorded : 1693 Dimensions : 2.00 × 0.64 × 0.58 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top; Right edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams), 466–499 (Jackson) Notes : |
SIMILINI | TOVISACI SIMILINI TOVISACI Of Similinus the Prince |
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ᚄᚔᚁᚔᚂᚔᚅᚔ ᚈᚑᚃᚔᚄᚐᚉᚔ S[I]B[I]L[I]N[I] ||| [TO]VISACI Of Sibilinus the Prince |
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CISP PTREF/1 CIIC 401 ECMW 183 
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Site : Ty'n y bryn Farm, Dol tre beddau, Pentrefoelas [SJ 0760 3000] Original Location : Lining a grave in a cemetery of forty graves under the farm. Current Location : Pentrefoelas Hall. First Recorded : 1820 Dimensions : 1.52 × 0.52 × 0.08 m. Ogham Layout : Unknown. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams), 500–549 (Jackson) Notes : The Ogham inscription is doubtful, and has only been recognised by Macalister. |
BROHOM/AGLI | IATTIICIACIT | ETVXOREIV{S}CA/VN/E BROHOMAGLI IATTI (H)IC IACIT ET UXOR EIUS CAUNE Of Brohomaglus Iattus; he lies here, and his wife Caune |
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ᚁᚏᚑᚆᚑᚋᚐᚌᚂᚔ [B]R[OHOMAGLI] Of Brohomaglus |
| Stone | Description | Inscriptions |
|---|---|---|
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CISP TIRPH/1 CIIC 404 ECMW 270 
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Site : Capel Brithdir, Bargoed, Gelli-gaer, Tirphil [SO 1375 0262] Original Location : In a field next to the chapel. Current Location : National Museum of Wales [23.283], Cardiff. First Recorded : 1861 Dimensions : 2.25 × 1.00 × 0.22 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : Notes : The Ogham inscription is doubtful, and has only been recognised by Macalister. "There are no oghamic marks whatever upon the edges" (Jones 1862 p.220). "The suggestion that there are traces of Ogam cannot be maintained" (Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales 1976 p.36). |
TEGERNA | CUSFILI | [U]SMARTI | HICIACIT TEGERNACUS FILIUS MARTI HIC IACIT Tegernacus, son of Martius, lies here |
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ᚈᚓᚌᚓ TEGE[-- Tege... |
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CISP KENFG/1 CIIC 409 ECMW 198 OIIWS 204 OISW 151 
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Site : Kenfig [SS 8000 8400] Original Location : Side of the road between Eglwys Nynnydd and Pyle Station. Current Location : Margam Stones Museum [no. 2], Port Talbot. First Recorded : 1578 Dimensions : 1.35 × 0.52 × 0.35 m. Ogham Layout : Left-(Top)-Right edges, bottom-to-top then top-to-bottom. Date : 500–599 (Nash-Williams) Notes : |
PV/MPEIVS | CARANTORIVS PVMPEIVS CARANTORIVS Pumpeius Carantorius |
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ᚘᚑᚘᚔᚐᚄ ᚏᚑᚂᚔᚑᚅᚋᚐᚊᚔᚂᚂᚓᚅᚐ POPIA[S] ||| ROL[IO]N M[AQ]I LL[E]NA Of Popia, ... son of Llena [Macalister reads two separate inscriptions, PAMPES (corresponding to the Latin PVMPEIVS) and ROL[ACU]N M[A]Q ILLUNA.] |
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CISP MARG1/1 CIIC 408 ECMW 229 
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Site : Margam Mountain (Mynydd Margam), Margam [SS 8306 8878] Original Location : On the mountain, near a pool called Llyn-dwr-mawr. Current Location : Margam Stones Museum [no. 3], Port Talbot. First Recorded : 1695 Dimensions : 1.01 × 0.33 × 0.22 m. Ogham Layout : Date : 500–599 (Nash-Williams) Notes : Marked as an Ogham stone on the Ordnance Survey Map of Britain in the Dark Ages, but no Ogham inscription is noted in the CISP database. |
BODVOC{I}HICI{A}CIT | F/IL/IVSC{A}TOTIGIRNI | PRONEPVSETERN{A}L/I | VEDOM{A}V{I} BODVOCI HIC IACIT FILIVS CATOTIGIRNI PRONEPVS ETERNALI VEDOMAVI Of Bodvoc, here lies the son of Catotigirnus and great-grandson of Eternalis Vedomavus |
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CISP LOUGH/1 CIIC 405 ECMW 228 OIIWS 186 OISW 167 
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Site : Loughor Rectory, Loughor [SS 5753 9816] Original Location : In the Rectory garden (originally used as a step leading up to the house). Current Location : Swansea Museum [SWASM:SM1952.11]. First Recorded : 1857 Dimensions : 1.10 × 0.53 × 0.53 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams) Notes : Roman altar. |
ᚂ ᚂᚔᚉᚐ --]L[--][L^V]ICA Of ...lica (or Of ...vica) [Macalister reads the name as G[R]AVICA.] |
| Stone | Description | Inscriptions |
|---|---|---|
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CISP BRAW1/1 CIIC 423 ECMW 296 
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Site : Cas Wilia (Castell Villia) Farm, Brawdy [SM 8820 2760] Original Location : Used as a gatepost. Current Location : Inside the Church porch, Brawdy church. First Recorded : 1883 Dimensions : 2.69 × 0.84 × 0.56 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams) Notes : |
ᚋᚐᚊᚔᚊᚐᚌᚈᚓ M[A]Q[I]QAGTE [Of ...] the son of Quagte |
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CISP BRAW3/1 CIIC 422 ECMW 298 
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Site : Cas Wilia (Castell Villia) Farm, Brawdy [SM 8840 2750] Original Location : Used as a footbridge over a stream. Current Location : Inside the Church porch, St. David's Church, Brawdy. First Recorded : 1680 Dimensions : 2.06 × 0.53 × 0.38 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 500–599 (Nash-Williams), 500–599 (Thomas) Notes : |
VENDAGNI | FILI V[-- | --]NI VENDAGNI FILI V[--]NI Vendagnus, son of V[--]nus |
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ᚃᚓᚅᚇᚑᚌᚅᚔ VENDOGNI Of Vendognus |
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CISP BRIDL/1 CIIC 426 ECMW 300 OIIWS 203 
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Site : St. David's Church, Bridell [SN 1766 4206] Original Location : In the churchyard. Current Location : In Situ. First Recorded : 1860 Dimensions : 2.29 × 0.66 × 0.17 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–599 (Nash-Williams), 420–430 (Thomas) Notes : |
ᚅᚓᚈᚈᚐᚄᚐᚌᚏᚔᚋᚐᚊᚔᚋᚒᚉᚑᚔᚁᚏᚔᚓᚉᚔ NETTASAGRI MAQI MUCOI BRIECI Of Nettasagrus, son of the tribe of Brecos [This is the reading given by Thomas 1994. Macalister 1945 and Nash-Williams 1950 give slightly different readings, NETTASAGRI MAQI MUCOE BRIACI and NETTASAGRU MAQI MUCOI BRECI respectively.] |
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CISP CALDY/1 CIIC 427 ECMW 301a OIIWS 202 
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Site : Caldey Priory, Caldey Island (Ynys Byr), Penally [SS 1400 9630] Original Location : In the ruins of the old priory. Current Location : Inside the restored priory chapel, Caldey Island. First Recorded : 1810 Dimensions : 1.73 × 0.41 × 0.10 m. Ogham Layout : Left-(Top)-Right edges, bottom-to-top then top-to-bottom. Date : 400–599 (Nash-Williams) Notes : |
E/TSINGNOCR | UCISI{N}ILLAM | FINGSIROGO | OMNIBUSAM | MULANTIBUS | IBIEXORENT | PROANIMA/E | CATUOCONI ET SIGNO CRUCIS IN ILLAM FINXI ROGO OMNIBUS AMBULANTIBUS IBI EXORENT PRO ANIMAE CATUOCONI And by the sign of the Cross (which) I have fashioned upon that (stone) I ask all who walk there that they pray for the soul of Catuoconus |
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ᚋᚐᚌᚂᚔᚐᚇᚒᚁᚏᚐᚉᚒᚅᚐᚄ ᚋᚐᚊᚔ ᚔᚅᚁ MAGL[IA] DUBR[ACUNAS] ||| [MAQI] [--]INB Of Maglia-Dubracunas, son of ... [This is the reading given by Nash-Williams 1950. Macalister reads the letters on the right edge as QI instead of INB.] |
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CISP CILGN/1 CIIC 428 ECMW 305 OIIWS 194 
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Site : St. Llawddog's Church, Cilgerran [SN 1960 4305] Original Location : In the churchyard (south side of the church). Current Location : In Situ. First Recorded : 1855 Dimensions : 1.50 × 0.34 × 0.34 m. Ogham Layout : Right edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 500–599 (Nash-Williams), 600–633 (Jackson), 600–633 (Thomas) Notes : |
TRENEGUSSIFILI | MACUTRENIHICIACIT TRENEGUSSI FILI MACUTRENI HIC IACIT Of Trenegussus, son of Macutrenus, he lies here |
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ᚈᚏᚓᚅᚐᚌᚒᚄᚔᚋᚐᚊᚔᚋᚐᚊᚔᚈᚏᚓᚅᚔ TRENAGUSI MAQI MAQITRENI Of Trenagusus, son of Maquitrenus |
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CISP CLYDI/1 CIIC 430 ECMW 306 OIIWS 193 
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Site : St. Clydey's Church, Clydai [SN 2500 3540] Original Location : Built into the north wall of the churchyard. Current Location : Inside the church. First Recorded : 1860 Dimensions : 1.79 × 0.33 × 0.25 m. Ogham Layout : Left-(Top)-Right edges, bottom-to-top then top-to-bottom. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams), 500–533 (Jackson) Notes : |
ETTERN{I}F/I/LIVICTO{R} ETTERNI FILI VICTOR Of Etternus, son of Victor |
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ᚓᚈᚈᚓᚏᚅᚔ ᚋᚐᚊᚔᚃᚔᚉᚈᚑᚏ ETTERN[I] ||| [MAQI VIC]TOR Of Etternus, son of Victor |
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CISP CLYDI/3 CIIC 431 ECMW 308 OIIWS 200 
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Site : St. Clydey's Church, Clydai [SN 2500 3540] Original Location : In the churchyard. Current Location : Inside the church. First Recorded : 1698 Dimensions : 1.47 × 0.41 × 0.13 m. Ogham Layout : Right edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams), 500–566 (Jackson) Notes : The cross was added later, changing the original orientation of the stone. |
DOB[.]TVCI | FILIVSEVOLENG[.] DOB[I]TVCI FILIVS EVOLENG[I] Of Dobitucus, son of Evolengus |
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ᚇᚑᚃᚐᚈᚒᚉᚓᚐᚄ D[O]V[A]TUCEAS of Dovatucis [This is the reading given by Nash-Williams 1950. Macalister 1945 reads DOVATACIS.] |
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CISP JRDNS/1 CIIC 432 ECMW 312 
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Site : Llangwarren House, Jordanston [SM 9290 3130] Original Location : Used as a gatepost on the Llangwarren farm. Current Location : Built into the external corner of a stable adjoining Llangwarren House. First Recorded : 1896 Dimensions : 1.45 × 0.58 × 0.25 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams), 466–533 (Jackson) Notes : |
TIGERNACI | DOBAGNI TIGERNACI DOBAGNI Of Tigernacus Dobagnus |
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ᚇᚑᚃᚐᚌᚅᚔ DOVAGNI Of Dovagnus |
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CISP LDEIL/1 CIIC 433 ECMW 313 
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Site : St. Teilo's Church, Llandeilo (Llandilo), Maenclochog [SN 0996 2691] Original Location : Inside the church. Current Location : By the gateway to the churchyard of the now ruined St. Teilo's Church. First Recorded : 1889 Dimensions : 1.73 × 0.46 × 0.18 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams), 500–566 (Jackson) Notes : |
{A}ND{A}GELL{I}I{A}CIT | F/ILIC{A}/VET{I} ANDAGELLI IACIT FILI CAVETI Of Andagellus, he lies (here), the son of Cavetus |
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ᚐᚅᚇᚐᚌᚓᚂᚂᚔᚋᚐᚉᚃᚉᚐᚃᚓᚈᚔ [A]NDAGELLI MACV CAV[ETI] Of Andagellus, son of Cavetus [The unusual MACV for MAQI is read as MACU by Thomas 1994.] |
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CISP LFRN2/1 CIIC 439 ECMW 319 
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Site : Trehowel Farm, Mynydd Stambar, Llanfrynach [SN 1740 2920] Original Location : Used as a gatepost, near the farmhouse. Current Location : In the graveyard of Glandwr Baptist Chapel. First Recorded : 1908 Dimensions : 1.45 × 0.32 × 0.35 m. Ogham Layout : Right edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams) Notes : |
ᚓᚃᚓᚄᚄᚐᚅᚌᚔᚐᚄᚓᚌᚅᚔ EF[E]SS[A]NG[I] ASEG[NI] Of Efessangus Asegnus [This is the reading given in Nash-Williams 1950. Macalister 1945 reads the inscriptions as INg[E]NS[A]Ng[KT]ASEGNI (=INGEN SANGKTA SEGNI) "The sainted daughter of Segne".] |
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CISP MTHRY/1 CIIC 442 ECMW 346 
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Site : Mathry Church, Mathry [SM 8790 3200] Original Location : In the churchyard ? Current Location : Inside the church porch. First Recorded : 1698 Dimensions : 1.35 × 0.43 × 0.18 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams), 466–533 (Jackson) Notes : The Ogham inscription is uncertain. "Mutilated traces of Ogams" (Nash-Williams 1937 p.386); "Illegible ogam" (Jackson 1953 p.140). |
[MAC] | CVDICCL[I] | {F}ILIV{S} | CATIC | VV{S} MACCVDICCL[I] FILIVS CATICVVS Of Maccudicclus, son (of) Caticuus |
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CISP NEVRN/1 CIIC 446 ECMW 353 
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Site : St. Brynach's Church, Nevern [SN 0830 4000] Original Location : Inside the church (used as a lintel). Current Location : Inside the church (built into the sill of the east window in the south wall). First Recorded : 1904 Dimensions : 1.59 × 0.33 × 0.10 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams), 500–540 (Thomas), 450–499 (Jackson) Notes : |
MAGLOCV{N}FILICLVTOR{I} MAGLOCVN(I) FILI CLVTORI Of Maglocunus, son of Clutorius |
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ᚋᚐᚌᚂᚔᚉᚒᚅᚐᚄᚋᚐᚊᚔᚉᚂᚒᚈᚐᚏᚔ MAGLICUNAS MAQI CLUTA[RI] Of Maglicunas, son of Clutarias |
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CISP NEVRN/2 CIIC 445 ECMW 354 OIIWS 188 
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Site : St. Brynach's Church, Nevern [SN 0830 4000] Original Location : In the churchyard (on the north side of the church). Current Location : In the churchyard (near the south wall of the nave). First Recorded : 1695 Dimensions : 1.93 × 0.61 × 0.51 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams), 400–499 (Jackson), 466–533 (Thomas) Notes : |
VITA/LIA{N}I | EMERETO VITALIANI EMERETO Of Vitalianus Emereto(s) |
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ᚃᚔᚈᚐᚂᚔᚐᚅᚔ VITALIANI Of Vitalianus |
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CISP SDOGM/1 CIIC 449 ECMW 384 OIIWS 191 OISW 155 
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Site : St Dogmaels Abbey, St. Dogmaels [SN 1640 4580] Original Location : Used as footbridge over a brook, in the grounds of the abbey. Current Location : Inside St. Thomas's Church. First Recorded : 1694 Dimensions : 2.13 × 0.48 × 0.20 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams), 466–533 (Jackson) Notes : |
SAGRANI{F}ILI | CVNOTAMI SAGRANI FILI CVNOTAMI Of Sagranus, son of Cunotamus |
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ᚄᚐᚌᚏᚐᚌᚅᚔᚋᚐᚊᚔᚉᚒᚅᚐᚈᚐᚋᚔ SAGRAGNI MAQI CUNATAMI Of Sagragnus, son of Cunatamus |
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CISP SDOGW/1 CIIC 450 ECMW 390 OIIWS 190 
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Site : Little Trefgarne (Trefgarn Fach) Farm, St. Dogwell's [SM 9640 2420] Original Location : Used as a gatepost on the road leading to the farm. Current Location : In the churchyard at St. Dogwell's Church. First Recorded : 1875 Dimensions : 1.85 × 0.53 × 0.23 m. Ogham Layout : Medial edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 500–599 (Nash-Williams), 500–533 (Jackson) Notes : |
HOGTIVISFILI | DEMETI HOGTIVIS FILI DEMETI Of Hogtivis, son of Demetus |
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ᚑᚌᚈᚓᚅᚐᚄ OGTEN[AS] Of Ogtenas [This is the reading of Macalister 1945 and Thomas 1994. Rhys 1918 and Nash-Williams 1950 give the reading OGTEN[LO].] |
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CISP SPTTL/1 CIIC 454 ECMW 402 
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Site : St. Mary's Church, Spittal [SM 9758 2291] Original Location : In the churchyard (east side of the south porch). Current Location : In the porch of St. Mary's Church. First Recorded : 1861 Dimensions : 1.47 × 0.53 × 0.46 m. Ogham Layout : Unknown. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams) Notes : Information about the stone in situ states that originally there were both Latin and Ogham inscriptions on it, but the Ogham letters are no longer visible. However, neither the CISP database nor the Ordnance Survey Map of Britain in the Dark Ages indicate an Ogham inscription on this stone. |
EV/ALIFILIDENCV{I} | CV/NIOVENDE | M/ATEREIVS EVALI FILI DENCVI CVNIOVENDE MATER EIVS Of Evalus, son of Dencuus; Cuniovende, his mother (set it up?) |
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CISP STNTN/1 CIIC 456 ECMW 404 
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Site : Church of St. Peter and St. Cewydd, Steynton [SM 9180 0780] Original Location : In the churchyard (near the south-east end of the church). Current Location : Inside the church. First Recorded : 1880 Dimensions : 1.24 × 0.51 × 0.27 m. Ogham Layout : Left edge, bottom-to-top. Date : 400–533 (Nash-Williams), 466–499 (Thomas) Notes : |
GE[NDILI] GE[NDILI] Of Gendilus |
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ᚌᚓᚅᚇᚔᚂᚔ GENDILI Of Gendilius |
References
Further Reading
